Key Problems and Issues Facing Hong Kong

Contemporary Tourism Issues Topic: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM †KEY PROBLEMS AND ISSUES FACING HONG KONG Introduction Unquestionably, Hong Kong is an honored land where has thriving and the vast majority of the components of being a world class cosmopolitan which has effectively pulled in guests over years, particularly from the terrain by stressing our reality class shopping, eating and other urban attractions (Lam, H. , 2004).Despite the thriving scene of the travel industry, the unstable visitor markets and developing rivalry from Southeast Asian nations and neighboring goals have presented new difficulties to Hong Kong’s the travel industry. So as to reinforce Hong Kong’s position as a best Asian vacationer goal, as of late, Hong Kong government has begun paying more considerations to manageable the travel industry because of the rising ecological awareness worldwide and tourists’ developing interests in the new types of the travel industry, to be specif ic Eco-the travel industry and Cultural Tourism.Projects and battles, for example, the advancement of Hong Kong Wetland Park, the dispatch of â€Å"Cultural Kaleidoscope† and â€Å"Nature Kaleidoscope† experience projects, and distributing visit manuals â€Å"Discover Hong Kong Nature† and â€Å"Discover Hong Kong by Rail† were acquainted with advance green the travel industry and social the travel industry (GovHK, 2009). These advancement plans have been propelled with the mean to support the travel industry by enhancing the travel industry items to take into account the changing and various needs of inbound vacationer market.Despite the improvement is on target of proceeded with development which has stirred tourists’ premiums to take a gander at â€Å"the other sides† of Hong Kong, numerous issues are expected to think about because of the unpredictable idea of practical the travel industry and the huge number of partners engaged with. Th ere is analysis from open that all through these plans, little consideration has been paid to build up the travel industry in general and a really feasible one since the plans are as yet done in a free way without a careful approach. The most noteworthy issues are ecological ustainability and social manageability because of the latest focal point of government on these issues and their significance to the practical turn of events. Ecological Sustainability Country parks and nature holds make up 40 percent of Hong Kong's all out land zone of approximately 1,100 square kilometers (Ling, 2007). As to relative plentiful assets and the underlying achievement of Wetland Parks, Hong Kong government perceived the green potential in Hong Kong the travel industry and has forcefully proposed quantities of Green activities as of late, for example, the Lantau North Country Park and Marine Park, Geoparks just as cycle tracks and off-road bicycle trails.However, with respect to these proposed vent ures, deficient concerns have been given to the conveying limit of these characteristic assets just as the expense of development. It is discovered that the conservational rehearses are not completed in an exacting way as a case in Kam Tin Wetland and Hoi Ha Wan marine hold, which are two notable natural attractions in Hong Kong, were accounted for in enduring wastage issues (Cheung, 2006).Another run of the mill model is an individual from Advisory Council on the Environment contradicted to the proposition of Lantau North Country Park concerning the advancement of transport linkage of Tung Chung Road would harm the biology of the regions. It stirred conservationists’ worry that government’s overemphasis on acquiring the traveler dollars will keep visitor organizations and inhabitants concentrated for producing huge scope extends however putting little worry on having low-effect manageable the travel industry (Crets, 2006).From the activities being completed or propose d, it shows government’s premiums for enormous scope speculation yet very little exertion and bolster given to the subtleties, for example, the conveying limit of the natural assets. It suggests government underscored on the benefit making and needed of an entire heartedly perspectives towards maintainable the travel industry. There is no uncertainty that green the travel industry has an enormous potential to get one of the significant the travel industry areas in Hong Kong with its instructive and feasible importance just as the financial advantages came about because of the rising attention to this market.However, manageability ought not put for the most part on the monetary side since supportability of vacation spots, I. e. , the environmental destinations and the legacy, is the guiding principle of supportable the travel industry. In spite of the fact that the legislature asserted that it has been enthused about â€Å"promoting green the travel industry in Northeast New Territories and distant islands having respect to the standards of nature preservation and reasonable turn of events. (GovHK, 2009), it is far fetched that, with respect to its arrangement on green the travel industry, regardless of whether Hong Kong government has an unmistakable and exact vision for mass the travel industry that will consolidate the indigenous habitat. The travel industry ought to be viewed as an instrument for environmental and legacy conservation however not the other route round, in any case there is no evident significance of maintainable the travel industry. Evidently, there is still a lot of opportunity to get better viewing the arrangement as more concern and control ought to be put over the natural maintainability so as not to abrogate the financial supportability on the ecological sustainability.The accomplishment of green the travel industry is to a great extent subject to adequacy of government on arranging and the board to limit the effect on condition and the successful conveyance of biological assets. One of the measures recommended to the administration is to have severe control on the ecological preservations as opposed to concentrating on developing more attractions and advancing the business sectors. The conveying limit of the green attractions ought to be deliberately examined and constrained by forcing exacting guidelines on the guest numbers and their behaviours.Besides, because of the rising interest, eco-guides’ request is extending, hence setting lawful norms for eco-directs just as giving preparing to supporting the aptitude are in pressing needs to adapt to the extended interest just as to instruct the suitable practices in the biologist attractions (Chong, 2007). Social Sustainability Due to the enhancement in Hong Kong’s culture which is situated as East-meet-West, Hong Kong has been as of late confronting the requests of building a personality reflected in decisions about what legacy to save and how to introduce it (Henderson, 2002).With the current pattern of globalization and mass development of individuals, issues of social character and social conservation keep on being investigated. As of late, Hong Kong has been excited about creating attractions to upgrade Hong Kong’s social picture, one of the fine models is the proposed social settings, the West Kowloon Cultural District. Other than building new social scenes, safeguarding and advancing Hong Kong’s unmistakable and impalpable legacy are accounted as different measures to grandstand Hong Kong’s blended culture.Examples like protection and advancement of the previous Marine Police Headquarters in Tsim Sha Tsui into a travel industry office by the private segment, â€Å"1881 Heritage†, and HKTB’s advancement of customary Chinese traditions and celebrations, for example, the Tin Hau Festival march in Yuen Long and Cha Kwo Ling, Tam Kung Festival in Shaukeiwan, the Cheung Chau Bun Festiva l and the Birthday of Lord Buddha festivities at Po Lin Monastery. In spite of these endeavors, a few issues are found in regards to Hong Kong’s culture and legacy manageability policy.It is discovered that Hong Kong has been generally delayed in building up its potential legacy destinations into vacation spots, as found in the discussion over the destiny of Tiger Balm Garden and the Central Police Station. As per Chu and Uebegang (2002), the languid and latent reaction of government mirrors the absence of political will because of an absence of comprehension of the standards of legacy and its latent capacity. The Government accepts legacy preservation ought to be driven by the travel industry and financial aspects and not rewarded similarly as other social and training services.Even with the setting up of Heritage Tourism Task Force which is built up in 1998, there have been not many proposals proposed by the team. A few pundits have accused on its absence of administration and absence of impact in the administration organization (Chu and Uebegang, 2002). Different issues suggested in the arrangement of government are absence of an expansive based, long haul protection strategy, absence of a reasonable needs and deficient co-appointment of government offices associated with present legacy preservation practice.Besides, in most social legacy advancement, open inclusion in dynamic is missing. As to issue, it is basic for government to change its disposition and strike for a progressively comprehensive vision and strategy towards the social legacy protection. It is because of the test looked by Hong Kong that it has since a long time ago advanced its way of life as an energizing combination of East-meet-West and customary meet-contemporary, which may cause it falling in a peril of overemphasizing on universal style attractions and lost genuine distinctiveness.Development may follow a typical way to make uniform of the travel industry highlights which pass on comparable picture to the visitors. Consequently, the social and legacy protections are fundamental in the travel industry advancement as it assists with keeping up an extraordinary feeling of spot and contrast as inborn legitimacy to make sure about its upper hands and reposition the picture other than a worldwide metropolitan with the pilgrim history. Aside from these issues of divided approach and vision, the administration issue of the social legacy has been another worry by the traditionalist and researchers.Since the social and legacy the travel industry requires a wary

Should the legislature of the state of texas pass senate bill 11 and Essay

Should the council of the condition of texas pass senate charge 11 and senate charge 17 - Essay Example The two bills that were talked about were the SB 11, the grounds convey bill and SB 17, the open convey charge (Habib 43). The bills passed and sent to the board of trustees and the Senate individually for contemplations to be finished. The Texas Moms Demand Action Chapter for the American Presidents Gun Sense has been pushing some severe weapon guidelines (Hupp 45). The president has gotten the opportunity to affirm by the day's end restricting both the SB 11 and SB 17 bills. The bills work by elucidating the arrangement of the state for concealed handgun licenses. The framework takes into consideration the individuals who are beyond 21 a years old pass a beware of criminal foundation and complete the security and capability preparing to be permitted to convey covered handguns (Lott 18). The SB 11 bill whenever passed will take into consideration the individuals who have equipped for a CHL to convey their firearms even inside the study halls of structures on school grounds. By and by, the individuals who hold the CHL may convey the weapons nearby yet they are not permitted to convey them on the school structures. The laws on charges additionally permit the holders to convey other long firearms, for example, the shotguns and rifles (Smith 25). The SB 17 bill, then again, will extend the current laws to permit the CHL holders to convey their handguns straightforwardly. Therefore, the subject of whether the individuals who hold CHL will in general be well behaved and safe is fundamental for the officials to place into thought as they banter on passing the two bills (Ludwig and Lott 20). The Texas based open security office has additionally posted the conviction rates done to the CHL holders contrasted with everybody of Texas on their site that date path once again from 1996. In spite of the fact that, the DPS doesn't regardless consider the feelings made to the CHL holders to be last until a year slips by after the feelings have been made (Tanne 14). The time is given to permit advances to be done and to produce the reports at

Paintings in art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Works of art in craftsmanship history - Essay Example Fifteenth-century craftsman Sandro Botticelli is noted for his expressive, streaming style, frequently brightening and indicating a specific polish. The Florentine Renaissance turned into a religion of magnificence, love and satisfaction of the faculties, and Botticelli in both The Birth of Venus and Spring (Primavera) mirrored this fragile and sentimental Renaissance style, with Venus ascending from the ocean on an open shell, unclothed however bashful, and later dressed at her crowning ritual. Since these two works of art are various sizes, it was figured they didn't have a place together, yet further investigation demonstrates enough likenesses to make them a set (â€Å"Analysis;† â€Å"Allegory†) At a period in Italian history when Florentine craftsmen were fascinated of folklore, Botticelli caught the embodiment of the fantasy. The components in any piece are line, shape, shading, design, esteem, structure, surface, space. Those explicitly credited to the Sistine C hapel are 1) lines †heading of lines drives eye to explicit territory of painting; 2) shape †stature and width of shape makes a dream on the roof boards; 3) space †the relationship of positive and negative space influences effect and solidarity; 4) shading †splendid, dull, intenseâ€implies surface through shading, line, concealing, reiteration and example. Michelangelo started painting the Sistine Chapel in 1508 and finished it in 1512, practically without any help. The four fundamental components that characterize the vaulted roof of the Chapel are, as noted, line, shape, shading, and example. The roof is painted in boards, with circles., squares, and triangles surrounding the various boards. Hues, brilliant and dull, lead the eye to the concentration in each board. The procedure is fresco. There are nine focal boards representing and deciphering stories from Genesis in a particular example (Michelangelo). Albrecht Drer Albrecht Drer was a painter and etcher who was most popular for his woodcuts and prints. His drawing work was careful with uncommon spotlight on shading in his artworks. He was impacted by Leonardo da Vinci's investigations of the human figure and applied Leonardo's extents to his own figures. Completed structure and extravagance of origination, just as point of view and extent are attributes of his work alongside shading and vitality (Ponich). Rembrandt Rembrandt van Rijin is noted for his transfiguration of experience into workmanship. It is his internal feelings as spoke to in his specialty that makes him one of a kind. He was exceptionally impacted by Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titan in their portrayal of the human structure, however he is a multi-faceted craftsman, exceeding expectations as a painter and a roused visual craftsman and etcher. He painted, drew and scratched representations, scenes, figures, and creatures, yet over all scenes of scriptural and mainstream history and folklore. Albeit additionally known for his self-pictures, his most renowned works demonstrate his capacity to extend his topic. One of his most popular works of art is classified Night Watch in spite of the fact that it has since been seen as a daytime scene. His craft represents an entire time of workmanship history legitimately known as Holland's Golden Age (Rembrandt). Sentimentalism Sentimentalism (1800-1850) not at all like its inverse, style, has a narrating, epic quality that stretches out to music, painting, and writing. Richard Wagner's music brings out sentiments of influence and fear, with its accentuation on feeling and incredible opportunity of structure. It was his expect to offer a total amalgamation of human expressions in his music. As indicated by Alfred Einstein in Music in the Romantic Era, A History of Musical Thought in the nineteenth Century (New York, 1947), [Wagner] was the first to

Thomas Wentworth ; The Lord Deputyship of Ireland Essay Example

Thomas Wentworth ; The Lord Deputyship of Ireland Essay Among the major political figures of Irelands history during the seventeenth century, Thomas Wentworth holds an unordinary position considering his accomplishments and the mentalities of those he dominated. The Lord Deputy in Ireland beginning in 1631, Wentworth made a trip to Ireland to balance out the profoundly partitioned domain and to set her profitability to Englands advantage. Of the objectives he endeavored, among them the adjustment of Irelands economy, the change of its military, the recovery of its business, and the rearrangement of its religion, scarcely any, flopped under his determined initiative. Be that as it may, his strategies have been contended as heartless and oppressive, acquiring him extreme abhorrence among the individuals of Ireland and among political circles at home in England. While Wentworth may have prevailing at bringing the Crowns offering into reality in Ireland, his strategies escalated a supporting issue inside Ireland and among Ireland and England. 1 Wentworth first shows up as a critical political figure at the Parliament of 1628, vocally and shrewdly agreeing with the famous reason against the Crown.2 Charles and his Court without a doubt saw the force and insightful in Wentworth as their enemy in parliament. In this way, in elevating him to viscountcy and afterward delegating him President of the Council of the North, the Crown both increased an adept partner and evacuated a developing persistent issue for its. Wentworths acknowledgment of this position and obvious inversion of political partnership got referred to in political circles as his extraordinary abandonment, a flaw on his character which many associated with years to come. Whatever his affiliations during the soonest days of his political vocation, from his arrangement in the North, Wentworth affirmed his first steadfastness to the lord and over and again showed his undeterred devotion to the imperial decree.3 For it was here, overseeing Englands progressively remot e and otherlandish areas, that Wentworth created both a solid gave notoriety and involvement with political administration that would in the long run lead him over the Irish Sea a large portion of 10 years after the fact. We will compose a custom article test on Thomas Wentworth ; The Lord Deputyship of Ireland explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Thomas Wentworth ; The Lord Deputyship of Ireland explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Thomas Wentworth ; The Lord Deputyship of Ireland explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Wentworths essential objective in the North was to restore the Crowns authority, bringing the different nearby powers back under one guideline. He perceived the need to present for the North the position he employed, realizing this would give comparable gravity to his changes. An embarrassment emerged in 1631, in which a Sir David Foulis of Yorkshire started spreading bits of gossip about Wentworth stealing Knighthood fines. For this assault on his character, a strategy not new to government figures of the period, Wentworth brought quick and outrageous retaliation, accusing Foulis of defamation and sending him to jail for a long time. This radicalism, however not normal during Wentworths administration, was not a particular case either, and Wentworth before long made his levity known. It is unreasonable to state that the Northern administration during these years was overbearing Wentworth restored a few causes planned for supporting poor people. Examinations concerning the Yorkshire fabric industry were planned for controlling laborer compensation, however likewise cut into the industrialists benefits. His implementation of the 1601 Poor Law guaranteed work and arrangements for poor people, however simultaneously made him disliked with the nobility as it depleted their coffers and demonstrated a new annoyance.4 Wentworths objective was to make the desire of the Crown a reality in the North; The expense of this objective was maybe excessively extraordinary, notwithstanding: His strategies were equivalent to those he later rehearsed in Ireland, prompting the allegation that he intended to bring together all force with the official to the detriment of the person in insubordination of sacred freedoms.

Synthesis Paper on Cell Phones Usage in School Free Essays

Robert Pohlman ENG-215 Miss Sreenan June 2, 2009 My Fifteen Minutes of Fame I showed up at the Tepala Shrine Temple to play my first gig before a live crowd with my new band â€Å"Ben Joehoff and the Cards†. I’m Robert, the lead guitarist in our four part band. I stroll into the structure with my shoulders back attempting to radiate certainty as I convey in my two guitars, a laguna and a bumper Stratocaster. We will compose a custom exposition test on Union Paper on Cell Phones Usage in School or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now When I’m through the entryway I begin searching for my companions without attempting to be excessively noticeable. Simultaneously I walk gradually toward the room where all the boisterous band and individuals clamors are getting away. I stop at the entryway. Looking around the room, I see the appointed authorities at their table, the crowd, and the various musician â€Å"want-to-be’s† staying nearby. My eyes move to the front of the room, to the immense stage. The stage shows up as guaranteed by the RAMI’s. It is set up with all things required for a musical crew to play expertly. I see the tremendous dark speakers and the gleaming mouthpieces which will make us sound proficient. There are lights all finished, of various sizes, hues and shapes. There are lighting individuals, and sound individuals. The arrangement looks extraordinary and the rest is up to us. I swallow down a dry throat, attempting to shield my nerves from appearing. Once more, I search for my companions. Out of nowhere, I see Mark, or â€Å"Joker†, that is his band moniker, and, at that point, I see the remainder of my band. I give a little murmur of alleviation, to myself, and, I think, â€Å"They are here, this is truly occurring! â€Å". I smile at them, and rush over to go along with them. Everybody is energized, anxious, yet energized. We can’t hold up till it’s our turn! There are a few groups before us, yet they play their melodies excessively quick. Abruptly, we’re up! This is my first time. I can feel the butterflies detonating in my stomach. I take a full breath and enter the lights in front of an audience. The lights are splendid to such an extent that it is difficult to see anything off stage. I play a rope on my guitar to ensure my volume is okay. Abruptly, I hear the sound of sticks! One, two, three, four! My turn, I hit the main rope and feel the rich sound. The group appears to like us. A portion of my insane companions are moving to the music. Imprint breaks out with his insane drum solo. The beat quiets me some way or another. Gracious, no! My performance is coming up! I trust I don’t mess up! Here, goes. I simply need to focus on the notes. Out of nowhere it is finished! I nailed it!!! That must be extraordinary compared to other fifteen minutes of my life! The most effective method to refer to Synthesis Paper on Cell Phones Usage in School, Papers

Happy Valley and the Sandusky Scandal

Happy Valley and the Sandusky Scandal Two weeks ago, while visiting my family in State College, I got to see some images in Old State Clothing Co. that probably seem sad and ironic to an outsider. “Believe deep down in your heart that you are destined to do great things, a quote from Joe Paterno, sewn in white into a dark blue pillow in the store window, just below a tie-dyed Happy Valley t-shirt. Photos of Paterno, the football team, and Beaver Stadium, signed, framed, and displayed outside the store. A post-it note on one of them kept flying away, and each time it did someone ran over from wherever they were standing to reattach it, only to have it fall off again a minute later. The photo was of Beaver Stadium, filled to capacity during a white-out game, titled, “The Greatest Show In College Football.” I used to see Penn State, and still see Penn State, as a large research university. That and football were what people usually mentioned when I said I was from State College, the town surrounding Penn State’s main campus, or when I said I went to Penn State for a year. Now theres a sudden, gossipy thrill not far beneath some expression of shock, and that’s it. State College has never gotten as much attention as it has over the past seven months. It’s sad to me that the Sandusky scandal has enveloped the world’s perception of what I know as a good town. What is now State College was originally farmland and forest. When Penn State was founded in 1855 it was called the Farmers High School of Pennsylvania, and then the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania in 1862. The town is still surrounded by farms: two blocks from our street, suburbia melts into farmland, and then farmland melts into purple mountains. We buy milk directly from a family-owned dairy farm. Most of our vegetables come from the farmers’ market. Penn State’s campus fits perfectly into the land it sits on. There are immense green lawns, interrupted by trees and wide red brick streets. There are old, grey buildings from the 1850s and just as many new buildings, made of the same red brick. Mountains surround the town and campus. The land glows from within itself, especially after the rain, and there is no smell to the air but that rain. State College residents value their community. In the five years that I lived here I saw what I thought were unusual amounts of kindness and thoughtfulness, and I saw, more than I’ve seen in Chicago, Moscow, or Cambridge, people seeing each other in a trusting, positive light. The result is a strong, cohesive community and a remarkably low crime rate. State College has been ranked one of the least stressful places in the United States, the safest small city in America, and one of the best places to live or start a business. There are huge community-centered, community-run events, including the third largest 4th of July fireworks in the U.S., the summer Arts Fest, and THON, a student-organized fundraiser, culminating in a two-day dance marathon, that this year raised more than 10 million dollars toward pediatric cancer. People here are kind, upbeat, and genuinely optimistic. It’s contagious. Every time I come home I return a revitalized, happier person. It’s important to know that there are families in State College with multiple generations of Penn Staters. Students start out in one of eight geographically separated elementary schools and advance to two geographically separated middle schools. Finally the entire student population merges into one high school with a graduating class of 570 students. Most State High graduates move on to Penn State, which consists largely (69% of main campus students) of their peers from other Pennsylvania high schools (â€"which does not result in a bad education. Penn State is ranked 64th worldwide by The Center for World University Rankings, and the high school has been rated a top high school by Newsweek). After college, enough Penn State students stay put and raise families here to renew the cycle. 56% of Penn State’s living alumni are still in Pennsylvania. Of the 6% who are in Centre County, many have parents, grandparents, or children who also grew up here. Moving here from Chicago in 8th grade felt like settling into Leave It to Beaver. The town is largely shielded from the recession by Penn States economic bubble, and the region is often called Happy Valley or Pleasant Gap. The population is 83.2% white, mostly middle class, and largely Christian. The style of dress is more homogeneous than it is in cities. Land is relatively cheap, so many people live in suburban-style homes with large lawns. I remember asking a boyfriend in high school why he didn’t want to move away someday. He told me that there’s a feeling of safety from being surrounded by the mountains, and that he would never want to be without it. I don’t think I ever understood football, though I do feel connected to the town. I watched a football game once, on television, at a party. There were lots of adults in Penn State jerseys and there was a lot of food. I remember thinking it was awfully boring, but that it was still exciting because other people thought it was exciting. During football weekends, the town population seemed to double. Traffic downtown became awful. There was suddenly litter on the streets. I could hear the cheering at Beaver Stadium from our house, four miles away. From what I understand, to many people, especially the rooted alumni that make up the cultural core of the town, football in State College represents a moral coming of age, an iconic American transition from boyhood to manhood. It represents the absorption of the values, especially hard work, integrity, and service to the community, that make a safe town like Happy Valley possible. As you might imagine, these values don’t actually play out on the football field. They happen through coaching. What we watch when we watch football is the result. It makes sense, then, that the coach who instills those values in the football players would become a role model to the bulk of the community that watches. For the past 61 years, through three generations, Joe Paterno was that coach. He became the personification of the values we strive to achieve in ourselves and to see in our town. And he didn’t seem undeserving of the role. He and his wife donated $4 million to Penn Stateâ€"funding scholarships, faculty, a spiritual center, and the expansion of the Pattee Libraryâ€"and another $1 million to the Mount Nittany Medical Center. When one of his players left to care for his five-year-old son who had terminal brain cancer, Paterno donated money to him anonymously, through his church, on a monthly basis. (A clerical error by a secretary revealed that Paterno was the anonymous monthly donor.) His modesty, hard work, attention to detail, and valuing internally defined excellence over externally defined success became known as the Paterno way. Over decades Joe Paterno the idea became much bigger than Joe Paterno the person. He was like family to the entire community. Seven months ago State College fell apart. It came to light that Jerry Sandusky, Joe Paternos assistant coach, had, over 15 years, raped young boys hed met through the charity he founded for underprivileged and at-risk youth. He was later found guilty on 45 of 48 charges. The media flooded the town. Joe Paterno was fired. Students rallied against the media. Joe Paterno was diagnosed with cancer and died. The town felt sadness, anger, and loss. The NCAA retroactively discounted over a decade of wins under Paterno, fined Penn State $60 million, limited Penn State football scholarships for the next four years, and banned Penn State from bowl games for the next four years. The legacy of Paterno, of Penn State, and of State College began slipping away, in the hands of a child rapist and people who have never even been here, many of whom had never heard of State College or Joe Paterno before last November. Meanwhile the community was and still is grasping at the moral, peaceful way of life we’ve grown used to. Joe Paterno did not deserve the burden of the things he symbolized. It’s terrible that someone who turned out to have potentially concealed and enabled child rape simultaneously captured our hearts and embodied our moral compass. But he did. I hope you can understand why many people are in disbelief, why many people in State College continue to support him, cherish him, and view his legacy in a positive light, and why the community of State College is in turmoil: because the values that Joe Paterno symbolized, that we trusted him with, have and continue to hold the community together, have made and continue to make it great, and cannot be let go of. Voices from the community: I’m not a child abuse survivor, but I’ve lived through other forms of abuse, and I’m still trying to deal with the fallout in terms of my mental health. This town is not a safe space for me right now. There’s so much triggering and offensive language being tossed around cavalierlyâ€"people referring to themselves as “abuse victims” or “another victim of Sandusky” or talking about being “victimized” by the mediaâ€"it just seems like people are thinking about this from an incredibly entitled and privileged standpoint, without the firsthand experience necessary to understand the gravity of the word “abuse”. That’s never something which should be used lightly. I’ve lost so much faith and trust in my community over the last couple of weeks, and this is a place I really care about. I wish people would think twice about the fact that Sandusky’s victims are not the only survivors living in this communityâ€"and by that I really, really don’t mean residents who aren’t going to be able to watch bowl games, I mean other child abuse survivors, people who’ve been raped, been emotionally abused, experienced physical domestic violence. I’d be much more likely to respect and sympathize with people who have a problem with the NCAA sanctions if they were talking about them and reacting to them in a measured, respectful way, without drawing weird and completely inappropriate rhetorical parallels between them not being able to watch bowl games and abuseâ€"but most of what I’ve seen has just made me realize how many people in my community still just don’t get it, and made this town into a really uncomfortable and unpleasant place to be. â€"Anonymous State High graduate and lifelong State College resident We live in a rape culture. We live in a culture in which one of six boys is a victim of sex abuse and one of four women is a victim of rape. We live in a culture in which the leaders of one of America’s largest universities believed it would be “more humane” to tell Jerry Sandusky to seek counseling than to report him to the authorities. Where leaders believe that giving a pedophile the chance to reform himself is more important than stopping him from raping more boys. We live in a society in which the experiences of victims of child abuse are ignored and their voices unheard. Where the average victim of child abuse must tell nine different people before their abuse is reported to the police. Where reporting suspected child abuse to the authorities is not recognized as a basic moral obligation. Where many people claim that were they in Paterno’s position they would have done the same thing. That they too would have enabled rape. We live in a rape culture. If we are lucky enough to have never been raped, its survivors are all around us. But usually, they walk unknown among us. How can they make themselves known when their perspectives and feelings are routinely ignored? How can they make themselves known if we tell them that we revere a rape enabler? When we revere Joe Paterno there is a good chance we are hurting someone we hold dear, telling them that their pain is insignificant, that the enabling of rape is a small mark on an otherwise exceptional life, that the pain of rape victims is less important than our feelings about the man. We are creating a space that is unsafe for them, a space in which they cannot feel comfortable sharing their feelings and experiences. We live in a rape culture. But we can change this culture. By insisting that no rape enabler is worthy of statues, tributes, or reverence. By thus sending the message that reporting the rape of children is a basic human obligation. By seeking out the voices of survivors of rape and sex abuse. By listening to what they say about how the symbols and discourse of rape culture affect them rather than drawing our own misguided conclusions. By educating ourselves about the fact that while children almost never lie about being sexually abused, they are routinely disbelieved. By committing ourselves to communicating allegations of sexual abuse directly to the police. By insisting that the prevention of the rape of children is a central goal of our society. And finally and most importantly, by listening to its survivors and according their feelings, experiences and requests the upmost weight in what we say and do. â€"Ben G., State High graduate and lifelong State College resident I grew up in a home that loved footballâ€"Penn State Football. I had a PSU barbie cheerleader and my mom taught me all of the cheers: I say blue; you say white. BLUE. WHITE. BLUE. WHITE. I say JoePa; you say Terno. JOEPA. TERNO. JOEPA. TERNO. The chorus of The Nittany Lion (Hail to the Lion) was my lullaby growing up. I loved Penn State. PSU football meant family bonding, good food, and a good game. So of course when the time came for college, PSU was where I wanted to go. It had a lot of majors and I was undecided, my family was close, and how could I be loyal to any other football team? I didnt think PSU was always the best team, but they are always MY TEAM, and State College is MY HOME. There is nothing like going downtown on a football Saturday and seeing all of the people, or in June when all of the college students are gone and campus is peaceful. So naturally, when disaster was revealed in our Happy Valley this fall, I was torn to pieces. State College was ranked the safest U. S. metropolitan area by the Congressional Quarterly (City Crime Rankings 2009-2010). Nothing had ever happened like this. Not Here. I was heartbroken as I read what Sandusky had done in the Grand Jury Report. Seeing all of the news trucks around campus for weeks was like rubbing salt in the wound. When Joe was fired, I saw my town, my home, get destroyed by students in the streets. I went downtown that night; I saw my peers tearing light posts out of the ground. It broke me to see that the only response to our anger was destruction. I knew a lot of people were planning on going home that next weekendâ€"they wanted to get away. I had nowhere to go; this is my home and the walls seemed to be crumbling around me. No one knows exactly what Joe knew or didnt know about Sanduskys actionsâ€"Yes I read the Freeh report, but in this world anything can be fabricated or altered. Regardless, I cannot judge Joes actions. I have never had my coworker, a friend, accused of raping children and in all honesty I would probably tell my superior to give them the benefit of the doubt. Especially when the last time they were investigated, they were seen by Child and Youth Services as innocent. I have made mistakes before. I am human. I also know that we have a just God, who is the only Judge, and that it is not my place to say Joe is or is not innocent. Looking back, everything that Joe has done for my town and university is almost overwhelming. Without our football program, we would not have funding for almost any other sports. We would not have the library that I study in. We would not have the new church that is about to open on Park Ave. We would not have many of the businesses downtown that thrive ONLY because of football weekends. We would not have the motels and hotels in the area for local jobs. I also know, if PSU gets the death penalty, State College will get the death penalty. Our Happy Valley will be crushed economically. My town will become a ghost town as businesses go out, and sports teams dont get funding. When money stopes coming in from the football program, we will have to get it from other places and possibly cut back on researchâ€"like the research PSU is doing to find the cure for cancer in Hershey. Lift for Life will not get the $100,000 dollars next year that the football team raised for kidney cancer. Football is more than just a game here at Penn State; but it is not the villain. â€"Tricia T., Penn State junior and lifelong State College resident I was born and grew up here in State College. I went to school with the Paterno kids and graduated from State High with the oldest daughter. I also graduated with one of the Sanduskys adopted sons. Joe Paterno did a lot of good for the university and this community. He was more than just a coach but he was not a saint. He was just a man. I belive that if he knew anything about what Sandusky was doing (per the Freeh report) it was just speculation or rumor and you cant fire a person or call the police with that. When McQueary told Joe about what he saw, Joe told his bosses. He didnt hush it up. He didnt call the police either. How do you call the police and tell them about a crime that you didnt witness? That was 28 year old McQuearys job. Maybe Joe should have told McQueary to call but my belief is that Joe couldnt believe what was being told to him. From what I understand, pedofiles groom not only their victims but the parents and anyone else that may find out the truth. Until this past year Sandusky was an upstanding member of the community who was supposedly helping young boys with his charity, the Second Mile. He had the community fooled. Was Joe fooled as well? He was just a man. The community will get through this. My thoughts are with the victims AND the Paterno family. The media needs to understand that Sandusky is the criminal and he is now convicted, in prison and awaiting sentencing. They can now leave us to make the changes we need to make and let our community start healing. â€"Bob E., lifelong State College resident and father of two current Penn State students Personally, I think this entire thing circulates around people wanting to be superior. And Im kind of sick of people using this to feel better about themselves, as if they WERE in Joe Paternos position, and they actually CHOSE to do something different. Because now, when I defend the school that I love, its like im a supporter of child abuse. The students are caught in this, and we are all going to have to carry the weight of this universitys mistakes on our shoulders. When we are really the last people to have done anything about all of this. Of course Im proud of my school, of course Im going to defend it. Joe Paterno made things possible for my friends and fellow students in an academic sense, he changed this university for the better. I wouldnt have what I have to do in many cases if it werent for him. For me its not about football, and it never was about football. Thats really what Ive been having trouble communicating to people. Joe wasnt the only one fooled by Jerry Sandusky, all of the failed investigations, the counselors in schools, we all were fooled. And Im feeling pretty fooled right now, and disappointed. In most cases Joe was an exemplary citizen of centre county. its too hard for me to forget about those things, but its not as if Im not mad at him. Mostly, I just feel personally targeted by the media, and this crazy expectation that Paternos family should turn its back on him, as if someone could do that to their father. Its very unfortunate that most of what I have worked for and what thousands of other students have worked for will be completely undermined by this. Also, Id like people to know just how deeply this affects us. Im near tears almost every day about this. Not a day has gone by since that day in November that I havent thought about it. The students ARE hurt, deeply, and no one really seems to want to give us any hugs. â€"Emma G., junior at Penn State Schreyer Honors College, member of the Morale Committe for THON, fundraiser for THON, and lifelong State College resident He made his bed and now has to sleep in it, but something made me sad that Sandusky will live the rest of his life in jail. I cant believe that all this could have happened over 15 years and nothing came of it until now. All that pain built up over that much time has exploded into something that no one connected to this town cant feel. I feel bad that Sandusky made the decisions he did to be in the situation hes in, I feel bad that because of this he will suffer until the end, but I feel worst for the children and men who Sandusky abused. Justice was served yesterday, but that doesnt take away their pain. I mourn for the beautiful people who are affected by people like Sandusky and I hope that healing will come to them. â€"Ashley E., Penn State senior and lifelong State College resident Paterno for me is a life long legacy of a cohesive group of academics and atheletics at a very large university. I continue to support him because he bestowed upon the university hopes, dreams, and gave us keys to knowledge that will last forever. I personally just dont see it wise to condemn a man for another mans actions, especially when the man himself has made numerous contributions financially and emotionally to the organization as a whole. â€"Colton P., senior at Penn State Although we may have been let down, we can’t forget what “The Paterno Way” stood for when it was still pristine in the eyes of the world â€" excellence in the classroom, honorable ethics, and a simplistic, selfless, and all-business approach to being successful at the task at hand. We don’t need Joe Paterno to exemplify those ideals â€" we are perfectly capable of exemplifying them ourselves. I hope those principles continue to live on as fundamental Penn State ideals. â€"Ian K., Penn State senior and drummer in the Penn State Blue Band A poem that was posted on the Penn State Memes Facebook page. Unfortunately I dont know who the author is. Every Penn Stater down in Happy Valley, the tall and the small, Was cheering! Without any program at all! He HADNT stopped the love of our University from coming! IT CAME! Somehow or other, it came just the same! And Dr. Emmert, with his Grinch-feet ice-cold in the snow, stood puzzling and puzzling: How could it be so? It came without JoePa! It came without goals! It came without scholarships, statues or bowls! And he puzzled and puzzled, till his puzzler was sore. Then Dr. Emmert thought of something he hadnt before! Maybe Penn State, he thought, isnt just a football store. Maybe Penn State… perhaps… means a little bit more. For more information: The Kickstarter page for No Act of Ours, a 2013 documentary on the Penn State communitys reactions to and relationship with the scandalâ€"in particular, the trailer, which starts at 2:22 in the video at the top of the page Jay Paterno eulogizes his father, Penn State College of Communications (video) Grand Jury report (graphic) Report by Louis Freeh, former director of the FBIâ€"in particular, the timeline on page 19 of the report Former Penn State President Graham Spaniers letter to the Board of Trustees, which challenges conclusions in the Freeh report A letter from Joe Paterno written shortly before he died Penn State’s Facebook page The Facebook page of Onward State, a student-run, independent Penn State blog The woman who stood up to Joe Paterno, CNN, and student response through Onward State Airborne banner: Take down Paterno statue, CNN NCAA Announces PSU Sanctions: $60M, bowl ban, ESPN 40 Reasons to Still be a Proud Penn Stater, by Onward State Changing Campus Culture Beyond Penn State, Huffington Post #next_pages_container { width: 5px; hight: 5px; position: absolute; top: -100px; left: -100px; z-index: 2147483647 !important; }

Engaging Narrative Essay Examples About Chellenge

Narrative Essay Example About Writing Task You Found Very Difficult or Challenging Introduction Writing is an interesting and yet challenging task that helps one to develop his or her knowledge. Through writing, information passes from one person to another and hence leaves the majority of people knowledgeable about different matters. Writers learn and discover a lot through the process of writing. At the same time, writers face various challenges in the course of their duties. The most challenging writing task I have ever encountered was centered on writing about the culture of the Elmo group of people. This is a small tribe living in the North West of Kenya around Lake Turkana. This paper attempts to explain the various challenges encountered in accomplishing this task.

Puritanism And Its Negative Portrayal Of The Body

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Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw - 950 Words

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Application Of Microaggression Theory Study Caste Based...

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Graduation Speech The Morehead State University Honors...

The Morehead State University Honors Program opens the door to many great opportunities which include, but are not limited to, a semester-long internship with a legislator in Frankfort, a summer research program for aspiring physicians and dentists, and a year-long volunteering experience working with children in an after school program. Although all of these would allow me to develop many new skills, along with relationships across our great commonwealth, I feel as if the summer research program for aspiring physicians and dentists would be the best fit for me. As an aspiring physician, I believe that this experience would allow me to challenge myself with new concepts that will be critical to my success in medical school, as well as allowing me to better my research skills. This program would assist me unbelievably as I transition into my future. First of all, the summer research program for aspiring physicians and dentists would help me build on my existing skills, as well as allo wing me to obtain many new ones. Since childhood I have dreamt of being a physician, and have taken many different opportunities to better my skills to make this goal achievable. Throughout my years of schooling, I have taken advantage of many different biology, chemistry, and anatomy courses in preparation for what is to come in my future. In addition, I have logged many shadowing hours with local physicians, as well as taking advantage of opportunities such as medical camps; all of which haveShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Organizational Epistemology Free Essays

string(126) " epistemological perspectives to increase leaders’ understanding about knowledge work and how to increase its productivity\." Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 1 Organizational Epistemology St. Rachel E. Ustanny University of Phoenix ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 2 There are different perspectives about the origin of knowledge, which have influenced the development of concepts such as a priori and a posteriori truth, epistemic regress, and sensual perception—Descartes (as cited in Cooper, 1999) argued that there are certain undeniable truths, which are obtained from our senses; Feldman (2003) noted that truth is obtained through one of or a combination of six means: perception, memory, testimony, introspection, reasoning, and rational insight; Feldman (2003) also reported that evidentialists believe that propositions must be substantiated; Bonjour (1978) articulated that truth is based on the existence of a priori knowledge, which is proven by engaging in epistemic regress; Schnapper (2009) noted that modern democracy calls for greater equality, including the recognition and acceptance of all perspectives as truth; and Webb (2007) reported that truth is that which is naturally experienced. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Epistemology or any similar topic only for you Order Now In light of these varying perspectives about the origin of truth or knowledge, one cannot deny that the study of epistemology is very important to the development of new information, and socioeconomic progress. From an organizational perspective, epistemology provides a framework for critically analyzing and planning for the management and leadership of contemporary businesses—The change in the mode of production to that of knowledge work as reported by Drucker (1999) points to the need for contemporary organizational leaders to manage knowledge as a means of increasing productivity. This situation underscores the importance of deconstructing the origin of knowledge that workers produce on a daily basis. Epistemological Theories The multiple perspectives about the origin of knowledge have stimulated much criticism and skepticism about the validity and generalizability of epistemological theories. Nevertheless, this situation has continued to fuel the development of new theories, which have contributed to ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 3 the persistence of the epistemological debate over several centuries, and influenced its applicability to contemporary social problems. New theories about the origin of knowledge are still emerging as society is faced with unique challenges and alternate ways of learning and testing validity. Natural epistemology and the knowledge work theories will be examined as a means of garnering a better understanding of how modern society deals with and conceptualizes knowledge and uses it to improve social structures and systems. Four longstanding knowledge theories will also be discussed to facilitate an evaluation of the influence of past knowledge theories on contemporary problems—these four theories are: empiricism, rationalism, pragmatism, and relativism. Naturalized epistemology challenged the belief that one has to engage in epistemic regress to justify truth. It was proposed that truth is determined by scientific investigations and explanations (Feldman, 2003, p. 167). The tools, methods, and principles of science provide epistemologists with the means of testing and justifying knowledge, therefore machinery such as a lie detector enables contemporary investigators to examine individuals’ reactions (heartbeat, sweat production, and levels of anxiety) to determine if they are being truthful about a situation. This approach directly contradicts empiricism, which articulated that sensual perceptions enable human beings to determine truth. In this case, a lie detector would not be necessary to determine truth as the investigator would be able to use his or her senses to detect truth and untruth. While there is some merit in the empiricists’ approach, naturalized epistemology presented a replicable method that is less likely to fail due to human error. Knowledge work as argued by Drucker (1999) represents a shift in the nature of production from being purely manual as was contended by management theorists of the 20 th century (p. 79). This shift has increased the significance of epistemology in the workplace in that ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 4 managers are forced to contend with the sources and origin of knowledge that workers possess as a means of enhancing companies’ capacities to improve the productivity of the knowledge worker as was done by Taylor during the heyday of manual work. Knowledge work has challenged the society to come to terms with the importance of epistemology in everyday life and to find ways of optimizing it for development. Knowledge management is proposed by Wong and Aspinwall (2004) as a strategy for increasing the productivity of the knowledge worker, but despite this there are still challenges as it relates to those who possess tacit knowledge—the major concern for companies is the loss of productivity advances when the tacit knowledge worker leaves. It has therefore become increasingly important to find out how individuals gain knowledge in the first place, and then attempt to replicate those actions that are engaged in on a daily basis, which optimizes productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness. One cannot solve the epistemological problems of the contemporary workplace without reflecting on earlier conceptions about epistemology as articulated by empiricists, rationalists, pragmatists, and relativists. Empiricism argued that knowledge is derived from human sensual experiences and perceptions (Cooper, 1999, p. 117). This view is quite the opposite of rationalism, which contended that knowledge existed (a priori) before humans experienced it; therefore individuals derived knowledge out of necessity, which is later universalized if there are no exceptions (Cooper, 1999, p. 166). Pragmatism challenged empiricism and rationalism by arguing that the a posteriori and a priori conceptions of truth are false because knowledge is derived from practice, which results in the formulation of theories and provides opportunities for continuously evising and reformulating the theory to improve practice (Webb, 2007, p. 10691070). Relativism opened up the epistemological discourse to multiple perspectives of truth, so that knowledge is seen as socially constructed, experiential, dynamic, and variable—There is no ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 5 single truth that guides the solution to problems and knowledge is gained from all of the various means articulated by individuals, thus the empiricist is no more correct than the rationalist, nor the pragmatist, nor the natural epistemologist. There is merit in all perspectives and all must be considered when seeking justifications for the truth (Schnapper, 2009, p. 177). In light of the latter argument, management theorists must look to a wide range of epistemological perspectives to increase leaders’ understanding about knowledge work and how to increase its productivity. You read "Organizational Epistemology" in category "Papers" The tacit and explicit knowledge that workers possess is founded in first principles, as articulated by empiricists, and rationalists; as well as obtained from practice that the worker encounters as he or she carries out their duties—this (latter) pragmatic source indicates that each worker has the opportunity to discover truth in the execution of his or her duties. The fact that empiricism, rationalism, and pragmatism present valid perspectives about the sources of the knowledge worker’s knowledge indicates that there are multiple sources of truth, which contributes to the relativity of tacit knowledge work. Application of Knowledge to Organizational Leadership and Management The shift in the 21st century from manual to knowledge work has necessitated that management theorists and leaders critically examine and develop means for measuring and increasing productivity. This has contributed to the need for increased attention to different forms of knowledge, particularly distinguishing tacit and explicit knowledge to enhance management theorists’ abilities to capture the steps and processes involved in producing specific outputs (Manyika, 1996). Tacit knowledge is particularly difficult to capture, because it is the know-how that individual workers possess that they acquired as a result of their experience with particular tools, and their responses to unique challenges that stimulated them to innovate. ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 6 Making tacit knowledge more public within organizations is critical to the improvement of productivity and succession planning—According to Ambrosini and Bowman (2001) â€Å"tacit knowledge in particular may block adaptation to changes in the environment, hinder innovation and lead to the continuation of inferior work practices† (p. 812). It requires that organizational leaders examine epistemological theories to get a better understanding of the foundation of the know-how that individual knowledge workers possess. Pragmatism is the epistemological theory that facilitates the most likely explanation for the origin of tacit knowledge in organizations as according to Ambrosini and Bowman (2001) â€Å"tacit knowledge is context specific, is typically acquired on the job or in the situation where it is used† (p. 13); so pragmatists’ belief that theory emerges from practice and is applied back to it with the possibility of revising and reformulating it presents an explanation of tacit knowledge originating in experiences as they are encountered. Senge (2010) and Drucker (1999) have been my most influential theorists because of the fact that their propositions have helped to explain and present solutions to the challenges facing my organization. They argued that there are methods that can be used to help increase productivity of knowledge workers in an ever-changing world, which are aimed at measuring and improving the contribution of knowledge to organizational success. If companies fail to capture the tacit knowledge of workers, they are bound to face periods of slump when such workers leave the organization temporarily or permanently, as well as fail to make significant advances, because workers are not keeping abreast of new knowledge. The effective development of knowledge-based companies therefore depends on the implementation of strategies for standardizing and sharing such knowledge. In addition, there is a general need for the firm to control productivity so as to eliminate the possibility of being held at ransom by employees. ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 7 Converting companies to learning organizations was proposed by Senge (2010) as a means of increasing productivity and sharing knowledge. Five disciplines were proposed for solving the productivity challenges that face contemporary organizations: personal mastery, mental models, shared visions, team learning, and systems thinking. It is believed that the learning organization sought to create holistic changes in companies so that knowledge could be better managed, and all stakeholders could see that success was dependent on the relationship among the individual departments and the organization as a corporate entity (p. 2). It is important to note that in the learning organization, the tacit knowledge and skills that workers possess, is represented by personal mastery, and is shared with other workers and the organization through team learning. Knowledge management was proposed as a strategy for restoring power, over production, to the organization. Wong and Aspinwall (2001) noted that a knowledge management implementation framework should have five characteristics: â€Å"(1) a clear structure on how to conduct and implement knowledge management, (2) clear distinction among the types of knowledge to be managed, (3) highlight the necessary knowledge management processes or activities needed to manipulate knowledge, (4) include the factors that will affect performance, and (5) provide a balanced view between the role of technology and human beings in knowledge management† (p. 100). The knowledge management implementation framework serves as a strategy for reducing the autonomy of the knowledge worker, while increasing the control of the organization over productivity. Unlike the learning organization, knowledge management does not seek to create holistic change in the company, but isolates knowledge work as an aspect of production, and identifies the elements that are necessary for management to manipulate so as to increase productivity as was done in the time of Taylor (Drucker, 1999, p. 80). ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 8 The Future of Epistemology in Organizational Leadership Epistemology has an important role to play in the development of human services organizations. The concept of good governance that guides the effective management of such organizations articulates some of the productivity issues addressed by Drucker (1999). In the case of my organization, productivity is hindered by the fact that knowledge about specific critical aspects of work is possessed by the accountant who does not welcome succession planning, responds negatively to queries from the board of directors, works in isolation, and makes decisions for others and their departments unilaterally. This situation has contributed to inefficiency and ineffectiveness in a number of core areas of work, and as argued by Ambrosini and Bowman (2001) contributes to inferior work practices (p. 812). Good governance argues that successful management is characterized by accountability, transparency, participatory leadership, and responsiveness. This is reiterated by Drucker (1999) when he noted that productivity was curtailed by knowledge workers autonomy in deciding the task, and having unilateral control over the production process—The work done by the accountant is knowledge work and the fact that it is held only by him contributes to a situation where the organization is held at ransom. If there are opportunities for the improvement of the accounting function, this is hindered because of the lack of access by the organization to it, and the general lack of responsiveness to good governance practices. In the case of my accountant, deciding what to purchase without consultation, and refusing to answer questions posed by the board directors contributes to productivity problems. Drucker (1999) noted that overcoming this situation â€Å"requires changes in attitude not only on the part of the individual knowledge worker, but on the part of the whole organization† (p. 92). ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 9 The problems with the accountant articulated above can be solved by one of two or a combination of the following approaches. These recommendations were derived from weeks five and six discussion questions. These discussions enabled me to have a better understanding of the needs and challenges of my organization, and provided me with the opportunity to evaluate the company and make recommendations for its improvement. The following two recommendations represent the possible actions that I may undertake to increase organizational productivity: (1) reform the company to that of a learning organization, which takes a systems approach to productivity, thus the failure of accounts is not seen as an isolated element, but is the responsibility of all employees and departments, therefore all employees see it as critical to learn the tacit knowledge possessed by the accountant so that they are better poised to recommend changes. When all employees have a shared vision, greater pressure will be placed on the accountant to be accountable, transparent, and participatory in his leadership; and or (2) develop a knowledge management system to capture all of the job roles that are assigned to the accountant and the various steps that he undertakes to fulfill them—There will be need to integrate feedback components with the clinic nurse, statistical clerk, and clinic receptionist, before commodities can be purchased; and in order to successfully meet his reporting obligations he must answer specific questions about the financial status of the organization, which will automatically be shared with the board directors. Such a system could eliminate the lack of transparency, participation, and accountability that has curtailed efficiency and effectiveness. The implementation of a knowledge management system would also help the organization to be better operated as a learning organization, as the steps for each ta sk that is performed by the accountant would be accessible to leadership, which could be used to teach others by way of team learning strategies. ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 10 The future of management of human service organizations in the knowledge worker age is not totally distinct from traditional epistemology—it integrates critical concepts of the past to help solve new and emergent challenges. Empiricism, rationalism, pragmatism, and relativism are four of the longstanding epistemological concepts that guide management practitioners about the origin of tacit knowledge—On one hand know-how originates from the theoretical foundations of empiricism and rationalism as seen in the in the knowledge that individuals obtain through formal education that prepares them to fit into the workplace; and on the other hand it originates from the encountered experiences in the workplace. Both views are correct and hence when theorizing about the origin of knowledge in knowledge work, management theorists must be mindful that there are multiple valid perspectives. ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY References Ambrosini, V. Bowman, C. (2001). Tacit knowledge: Some suggestions for 11 operationalization. Journal of Management Studies, 38(6), pp. 811-829. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=e9e 776b0-e4f1-46a2-af57-b1403102e01b%40sessionmgr112vid=2hid=107 Bayer, B. (2007). How not to refute Quine: Evaluating Kim’s Alternatives to Naturalized Epistemology. The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 45(4), 473-495. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/218154099? accountid=35 812 Bonjour, L. (1978). Can empirical knowledge have a foundation? American Philosophical Quarterly, 15(1), 1-13. Retrieved from http://www. williams. edu/philosophy/fourth_layer/faculty_pages/jcruz/courses/Bonjour(1978). pdf Cooper, D. (1999). Epistemology: the classic readings. United Kingdom: Blackwell. Drucker, P. F. (1999). Knowledge-worker productivity: The biggest challenge. California Management Review, 41(2), 79-94. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=d0b 953c0-25c0-4ce2-acc3-a2eb62ec1545%40sessionmgr114=2=106 Feldman, R. (2003). Epistemology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Manyika, J. (1996). The coming imperative of the world’s knowledge economy. The Financial Times, 17. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ps/i. do? =GALE%7CA145813050=2. 1 =uphoenix=r=GPS=w Moser, P. vander Nat, A. (Eds. ), Human knowledge: classical and contemporary approaches. New York: Oxford. ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY 12 Schnapper, D. (2009). Relativism. Society, 46(2), 175-179. doi:10. 1007/s12115-008-9181-6 Senge, P. M. (2010). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. Business Book Summaries, 1(1), pp. 1-8. Retrieved from http://ehis. ebscohost. com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=05ba5549-4ada-47b6-aca7 How to cite Organizational Epistemology, Papers

Romeo And Juliet Relationship Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet Relationship Essay Outline1 Introduction2 How Fate Takes Control of Events in the Play3 Fates Lead to Their Death4 Conclusion Introduction Romeo and Juliet  is the title of an intriguing love story narrated by William Shakespeare. The play is about love between two young stars from noble families that are not on good terms. The theme  of fate  propels most of the occurrences in the play. The love story was written 1591-1595 and has remained to be one of the most popular and most performed plays across the world. Many romantic narrations associated with young lovers  have been developed based on the story of Romeo and Juliet  by Shakespeare. The play was set up in Verona, Italy, and depicts quarrels between members of two different families of Lord Capulet  and Montague. The story of Romeo and Juliet  depicts people’s lives and destinies that are predetermined. The story is often seen as a series of unfolding events which are controlled by  fate, accompanied by bad decisions and bad luck. When writing this essay, you should always keep in mind that the thesis statement  for the play, revolving around the theme of Fate.  Fate is described as an inevitable force that controls our lives. It is neither seen nor heard. Many topics about fate  in the story of Romeo and Juliet  have been written by different scholars, each giving different examples  as presented in the play. This play by William Shakespeare  uses fate as an exceptionally crucial element that is against the free will  of Romeo and Juliet. How Fate Takes Control of Events in the Play In the Play, the love story of Romeo and Juliet  is death marked, and the two lovers  have no control over what happens, showing clearly the tragedy of fate  in their love story. In the opening lines of the play, Shakespeare reveals to the audience that the lives of the two lovers,  Romeo and Juliet, are controlled by the powerful nature.  The two lovers are forewarned that they are star-crossed lovers, meaning that their destinies cannot end up together successfully. The two lovers  are born into feuding families, and their  fate  is to die so that peace can be regained. The enmity between Lord Capulet’s  family and Montagues is so strong that nothing short of losing a child could stop it. Romeo and Juliet  fail to take a step together in life without their family interfering and hindering their relationship. Fate  shreds in their love with death and sadness. After getting married, and even before properly enjoying their honeymoon, Tybal comes with ill intentions and kills Mercutio, Romeos friend, eliciting the urge to  plan  for revenge by Romeo. The abusive and violent nature of Tybal eventually leads to his death, and this is a way of fate manifesting itself in the play. After Tybalts death, Capulet wants to marry Juliet off to Paris, not knowing that she was already married to the love of her life, Romeo, which was also as a result of fate. Juliet spoke to Friar Lawrence  who helped her to fake her death until her lover, Romeo came back.   Friar Lawrence, together with John sent an urgent letter addressed to Romeo, but the letter never reached him. Fates Lead to Their Death Romeo took his own life, thinking that his wife, Juliet was already dead even though she wasn’t. Having no strength to handle the death of her husband, Juliet killed herself too. This was fates own way of uniting the Montague’s and Capulet’s. It is fate that controlled the movement of Romeo. He was seen to be in the right places at the right time. He took a walk around the house of Capulet’s and attended the party. He had Juliet proclaim her love for him at the balcony. He realized how truly Juliet loved him and ended up responding by proclaiming his love for her as well. .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c , .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .postImageUrl , .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c , .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c:hover , .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c:visited , .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c:active { border:0!important; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c:active , .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1141522b5970622a92a6e986ef13c90c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Urbanization Essay ThesisFate  causes Romeo and Juliet  to be near each other at that time so they can proclaim their love for each other. They end up falling in love, and thus fate  assumes the responsibility of uniting them. More so, it is destiny  that causes the downfall of the two lovers. The stars prove to be against Romeo and Juliet, and the unfolding of events in the play is entirely controlled by the cruel plan  of fate  and powerful nature. Shakespeare talks of higher powers changing the original plans of Romeo and Juliet. Several factors that led to the death Romeo and Juliet, but destiny takes the highest share. Shakespeare  shows how destiny has changed and defied the events in the play leading to an expected and tragic ending. No one but fate  is to blame for the death of Romeo and Juliet. Conclusion The motif of fate in the love story of Romeo and Juliet  has not only taken control of both their lives but also made a very unfortunate ending to the play. Romeos belief in destiny seems to connect with the death of both of them in the end. Juliet on the other hand, through  fate, convinces herself that Romeo is much better than what he is, and gives him her undivided love. It is for the fact that things would have turned out differently had fate never interfered with the love story of Romeo and Juliet  by William Shakespeare.

Thoreau Essay Research Paper Born in 1817 free essay sample

Thoreau Essay, Research Paper Born in 1817, in Concord, Henry David Thoreau became one of the greatest authors among the American Renaissance. Thoreau based his whole doctrine on the fact that adult male needed to acquire rid of material things in order to be an single. An finely educated adult male, Thoreau went to Harvard, which placed heavy accent on the classics. Thoreau studied a course of study that included grammar and composing, mathematics, English, history, and assorted doctrines. He besides spoke fluently in Italian, Gallic, German, and Spanish. After his graduation in 1837, Thoreau became a instructor. He and his brother John, nevertheless, closed the school in 1841, for Thoreau knew composing was his passion. He kept a diary beginning in 1837, and most think he wrote manner before that clip. Thoreau s love for composing pushed him to do it a driving force in his life. Thoreau was besides a large portion of the Transcendentalist s Movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Thoreau Essay Research Paper Born in 1817 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Transcendentalists assumed that the psyche and nature were the two indispensable parts of the existence. # 8220 ; Transcendentalism started as a extremist spiritual motion, opposed to the positivist, conservative establishment that Unitarianism had become. # 8221 ; Unitarians had expressed the demand for and strong belief of a more personal and intuitive experience of the Godhead. # 8220 ; If a adult male does non maintain gait with his comrade, possibly it is because he hears a different drummer. # 8221 ; Individuality was a large portion of Thoreau s life ; he believed that independent, well-thought action arose of course from a funny head. Although many people visited him at Walden Pond, Thoreau preferred to be entirely. # 8220 ; I neer found the comrade that was so companionable as solitude.† Thoreau liked purdah, a clip when he wrote from his psyche and was genuinely entirely. Thoreau s love for nature was one of the most powerful facets apparent in Walden. Considered by some to be the male parent of the environmental motion, Thoreau referred back to nature in everything he wrote from essays to political addresss. As a simple adult male, Thoreau did non have many material things. For he believed that to have material objects were an obstruction, instead than an advantage. He proverb that most people measured self-worth in footings of what they owned, instead than their religious and rational gifts. Thoreau proposed to populate as merely as possible and find what he needed for basic human endurance. # 8220 ; My greatest accomplishment is to desire but little. # 8221 ; He grew his ain nutrient, cleaned his ain cabin, and frequently arranged his personal businesss so he had to work every bit small as possible. Published on August 9, 1854, Walden sold two 1000 transcripts. For one dollar, people read into the deepnesss of Thoreau s life at Walden Pond and all his positions on everything from the anti-slavery motion to his environmental thoughts. Walden sold reasonably good during Thoreau s life-time, but his greatest respects came posthumously. Through the reading of Walden, many people have discovered the thaumaturgy of Henry David Thoreau s pen. Just a adult male from Concord, Massachusetts, he lived an extraordinary life as a simple adult male. That, nevertheless, was all Thoreau of all time wanted to carry through, to demo people that a individual could be an person, unrecorded simple, and do without stuff things. With the publication of Walden, Thoreau showed the universe that it was so possible ; he had lived # 8220 ; to the round of his ain drummer. # 8221 ;

3m “Profile of an Innovating Company free essay sample

3M â€Å"Profile of an Innovating Company† The 3M case traces the history of this Minnesota-based company from its inception in 1902 through 1992. By looking at the tenure of three CEOs, the case examines how 3M worked to maintain a culture of innovation while continuing to grow into an international multibillion dollar organization. While the organization’s values are critical to the success of 3M, internal and external forces also forced 3M to adjust their business model. William McKnight, the founding CEO, embedded a strong organizational culture into 3M. He instilled the values of entrepreneurship, research and experimentation into every employee. His goal was to create a climate that â€Å"stimulates ordinary people to do great things. † As 3M grew into a billion dollar business they continued to maintain their core values of innovation, marketplace responsiveness and entrepreneurship. Employees at 3M were encouraged to work on their own projects with a corporate-wide policy that promoted work on personal projects for up to 15% of a researcher’s time. We will write a custom essay sample on 3m â€Å"Profile of an Innovating Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Individual persistence was recognized and people were encouraged to pursue their own ideas and to take risks. Management supported â€Å"unintentioned failure† and was known to support projects that did not necessarily show market viability. Often times, these projects found future niche markets or applications that were never thought of by the inventor. 3M was a â€Å"market-oriented technology based company. † It was built around the idea of adapting current technology platforms to meet the different needs of consumers. 3M looked both externally at niche market needs and internally at ways to apply new market opportunities to existing technology. They capitalized on their technology through informal and formal knowledge sharing processes. They held technology conferences, organized technology boards and promoted sharing through other communities of practice. It was the norm to ask for scientists to discuss their work and ask for advice or suggestions. The organizational structure under McKnight was a â€Å"grow and divide† concept, where management expected units to grow organically. Successful products were continually made into new divisions, which in turn became new groups. In 1977 McKnight passed away and his successor Lou Leher took over. Internal and external changes forced management to look at how 3M could continue to be profitable in the future. The growth and spin off process left by McKnight made it challenging for 3M to control their businesses. As a result of entrepreneurship and diversification, business spin-offs had created a fragmented organization. Leher created a new business structure that promoted the consolidation of divisions to share resources and integrate processes. He also standardized the strategic planning and funding process. Used to an informal planning process based on perception and measured against their own metrics,† a formal planning system was a shock to the organization. RD funding, which was typically allocated at the discretion of the manager, was now more formalized. Although funding was more focused, they still provided an opportunity for funding additional products. Lehr began to formalize the processes of 3 M. The organization, valuing entrepreneurship and innovation, became hard to control and was leading to decreased profitability of the company. The final tenure followed is that of Jake Jacobson, a bottom line CEO who came in to cut costs and increase profitability. He changed the focus of 3M from niche premium markets to low cost markets. His changes promoted the use of cross functional teams and quicker time to market. To move products more quickly to market, the company adopted a more disciplined approach to selecting projects. Projects that did not show promise up front would not be funded, as typically done in the past. Managers began to feel that innovation was being stifled and the balance between entrepreneurial spirit and team work was lost.

About Byzantine Architecture and the Rise of Christianity

About Byzantine Architecture and the Rise of Christianity Byzantine architecture is a style of building that flourished under the rule of Roman Emperor Justinian between A.D. 527 and 565. In addition to extensive use of interior mosaics, its defining characteristic is a heightened dome, the result of the latest sixth-century engineering techniques. Byzantine architecture dominated the eastern half of the Roman Empire during the reign of Justinian the Great, but the influences spanned centuries, from 330 until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and on into todays church architecture. Much of what we call Byzantine architecture today is ecclesiastical, meaning church-related. Christianity began to flourish after the Edict of Milan in A.D. 313 when Roman Emperor Constantine (c. 285-337) announced his own Christianity, which legitimized the new religion; Christians would no longer be routinely persecuted. With religious freedom, Christians could worship openly and without threat, and the young religion spread rapidly. The need for places of worship expanded as did the need for new approaches to building design. Hagia Irene (also known as Haghia Eirene or Aya Ä °rini Kilisesi) in Istanbul, Turkey is the  site of the first Christian church ordered built by Constantine in the 4th Century. Many of these early churches were destroyed but rebuilt atop their rubble by Emperor Justinian. Hagia Irene or Aya Ä °rini Kilisesi in Istanbul, Turkey. Salvator Barki/Getty Images (cropped) Characteristics of Byzantine Architecture Original Byzantine churches are square-shaped with a central floor plan. They were designed after the Greek cross or crux immissa quadrata instead of the Latin crux ordinaria of Gothic cathedrals. Early Byzantine churches might have one, dominant center dome of great height, rising from a square base on half-dome pillars or pendentives. Byzantine architecture blended Western and Middle Eastern architectural details and ways of doing things. Builders renounced the Classical Order in favor of columns with decorative impost blocks inspired by Middle Eastern designs. Mosaic decorations and narratives were common. For example, the mosaic image of Justinian in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy honors the Roman Christian Emporer. The early Middle Ages was also a time of experimentation with building methods and materials. Clerestory windows became a popular way for natural light and ventilation to enter an otherwise dark and smokey building. Mosaic of the Roman Christian Emporer Justinian I Flanked by Military and Clergy. CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Images Construction and Engineering Techniques How do you put a huge, round dome onto a square-shaped room? Byzantine builders experimented with different methods of construction; when ceilings fell in, they tried something else. Art historian Hans Buchwald writes that: Sophisticated methods for assuring structural solidity were developed, such as well-built deep foundations, wooden tie-rod systems in vaults, walls and foundations, and metal chains placed horizontally inside masonry. Byzantine engineers turned to the structural use of pendentives to elevate domes to new heights. With this technique, a dome can rise from the top of a vertical cylinder, like a silo, giving height to the dome. Like the Hagia Irene, the exterior of the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy is characterized by the silo-like pendentive construction. A good example of pendentives seen from the inside is the interior of the ​Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya) in Istanbul, one of the most famous Byzantine structures in the world. Inside the Hagia Sophia. Frà ©dà ©ric Soltan/Corbis via Getty Images Why This Style Is Called Byzantine In the year 330, Emperor Constantine relocated the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to a part of Turkey known as Byzantium (present-day Istanbul). Constantine renamed Byzantium to be called Constantinople after himself. What we call the Byzantine Empire is really the Eastern Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West. While the Eastern Empire was centered in Byzantium, the Western Roman Empire was centered in Ravenna, in northeast Italy, which is why Ravenna is a well-known tourist destination for Byzantine architecture. The Western Roman Empire in Ravenna fell in 476 but was recaptured in 540 by Justinian. Justinians Byzantine influence is still felt in Ravenna. Byzantine Architecture, East and West The Roman Emperor Flavius Justinianus was not born in Rome, but in Tauresium, Macedonia in Eastern Europe in about 482. His place of birth is a major factor why the reign of the Christian Emperor changed the shape of architecture between 527 and 565. Justinian was a ruler of Rome, but he grew up with the people of the Eastern world. He was a Christian leader uniting two worlds; construction methods and architectural details were passed back and forth. Buildings that previously had been built similar to those in Rome took on more local, Eastern influences. Justinian reconquered the Western Roman Empire, which had been taken over by barbarians, and Eastern architectural traditions were introduced to the West. A mosaic image of Justinian from the Basilica of San Vitale, in Ravenna, Italy is a testament to the Byzantine influence on the Ravenna area, which remains a great center of Italian Byzantine architecture. Byzantine Architecture Influences Architects and builders learned from each of their projects and from each other. Churches built in the East influenced the construction and design of sacred architecture built in many places. For example, the Byzantine Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus, a small Istanbul experiment from the year 530, influenced the final design of the most famous Byzantine Church, the grand Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya), which itself inspired the creation of Blue Mosque of Constantinople in 1616. The Eastern Roman Empire profoundly influenced early Islamic architecture, including the Umayyad Great Mosque of Damascus and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. In Orthodox countries such as Russia and Romania, Eastern Byzantine architecture persisted, as shown by the 15th century Assumption Cathedral in Moscow. Byzantine architecture in the Western Roman Empire, including in Italian towns such as Ravenna, more quickly gave way to Romanesque and Gothic architecture, and the towering spire replaced the high domes of early Christian architecture. Architectural periods have no borders, especially during what is known as the Middle Ages. The period of Medieval architecture from roughly 500 to 1500 is sometimes called Middle and Late Byzantine. Ultimately, names are less important than influence, and architecture has always been subject to the next great idea. The impact of Justinians rule was felt long after his death in A.D. 565. Source Buchwald, Hans. The Dictionary of Art, Volume 9. Jane Turner, ed. Macmillan, 1996, p. 524